Welcome to the wonderful world of swing dance! Originating from the African-American communities in the 1920s, swing dance has since become a global phenomenon, spreading joy and excitement to dancers of all ages and backgrounds. These lively dances, set to the syncopated rhythms of jazz and blues music, have evolved and diversified over the years, giving birth to numerous distinct styles. Get ready to immerse yourself in the rich history of swing and other related dances!
Most Popular Swing Dance Styles
Lindy Hop: The Granddaddy of Swing
The Lindy Hop, often called the “granddaddy of swing dance,” emerged in the late 1920s in the vibrant Harlem neighbourhood of New York City. This energetic and playful dance was named after Charles Lindbergh’s famous transatlantic flight in 1927. Lindy Hop combines partner dancing and solo improvisation elements and is characterized by its eight-count basic pattern, syncopated footwork, and an emphasis on connection and improvisation.
Some notable figures in the development of Lindy Hop include Frankie Manning, Norma Miller, and Al Minns. The dance remains popular today, with communities hosting regular social dances and workshops worldwide. Lindy Hop has also significantly influenced other dance styles, including West Coast Swing and Modern Jive.
Charleston: The Roaring Twenties Dance Craze
The Charleston, another iconic swing dance, originated in the 1920s in Charleston, South Carolina. This high-energy dance features distinctive leg and arm movements and syncopated footwork. The Charleston quickly became popular in speakeasies and dance halls during the Prohibition era, capturing the spirit of the Roaring Twenties.
Although initially a solo dance, the Charleston was later adapted for partner dancing and incorporated into the Lindy Hop repertoire. Today, it continues to be a popular dance in swing communities, often taught alongside Lindy Hop.
East Coast Swing: The Versatile All-Arounder
East Coast Swing, also known as the Triple-Step Swing, is a popular and versatile swing dance style that evolved from the Lindy Hop and the Foxtrot in the 1940s. Its six-count basic pattern, lively footwork, and playful turns and spins characterise it. East Coast Swing is danced to a wide variety of music, from classic swing tunes to modern pop and rock songs, making it a favourite among social dancers and beginners.
As a more accessible and simplified version of the Lindy Hop, East Coast Swing has become a staple in ballroom dance studios, social dance events, and even wedding receptions.
West Coast Swing: The Smooth and Sophisticated Swing
West Coast Swing, which originated in California in the 1950s, is a smooth and sophisticated swing dance that evolved from the Lindy Hop and other swing dances. West Coast Swing is danced in a “slot,” with the follower moving back and forth along a straight line, allowing for a more controlled and elegant movement. It is characterized by its six and eight-count patterns, intricate footwork, and an emphasis on musicality and connection.
This versatile dance can be performed to a wide range of music, including blues, R&B, pop, and contemporary hits. West Coast Swing continues to grow in popularity, with dedicated events, competitions, and workshops held worldwide.
Blues: The Soulful Roots of Swing Dance
Blues dancing is a family of social dances that developed alongside the blues music of African-American communities in the early 20th century. Focused on connection and improvisation, Blues dancing is characterized by its slow, sensual movements and grounded footwork. Dancers often explore various rhythms and textures within the music, resulting in a deeply expressive and intimate dance experience.
Today, Blues dancing is enjoyed by dancers all over the world, with many swing dance events featuring dedicated Blues rooms or late-night Blues sessions.
Rock ‘n Roll: The Wild Child of Swing Dance
Rock ‘n Roll emerged in the 1950s as a rebellious response to the more conservative ballroom dances of the time. Driven by the infectious energy of rock ‘n roll music, this dance is characterized by its fast pace, acrobatic aerials, and kicks. Rock ‘n Roll was popularized by American television shows such as American Bandstand and movies like Grease.
While it originated in the United States, Rock ‘n Roll became especially popular in Europe, where it evolved into several regional styles, such as French Rock ‘n Roll and the British Jive.
Popular Swing Dance Styles
By exploring these connected and adjacent swing dance styles, you’ll discover even more ways to express yourself on the dance floor and deepen your appreciation for the rich and diverse history of swing dancing.
Balboa: The Intimate Dance of Southern California
Balboa originated in the crowded ballrooms of Southern California during the 1930s. Due to limited space, dancers developed a close embrace and smooth, intricate footwork, allowing them to dance in tight quarters without losing connection with their partners. Balboa is danced to fast swing music characterized by its close partner connection, small steps, and an emphasis on subtle weight shifts.
Balboa experienced a resurgence in the 1990s and is now popular among swing dancers worldwide, with annual events such as the All Balboa Weekend in the United States and the European Balboa Championship.
Collegiate Shag: The Energetic Dance of American College Students
Collegiate Shag emerged in the 1930s, popular among American college students as a lively, upbeat dance. Known for its distinctive “hop” and “double-kick” footwork, Collegiate Shag is danced to fast-paced swing music characterized by its energetic, bouncy movements.
Though it declined in popularity after World War II, Collegiate Shag has made a comeback in recent years, with enthusiasts rediscovering the joy of this vivacious dance.
Boogie Woogie: The European Take on Swing Dance
Boogie Woogie, which developed in Europe in the late 1940s and early 1950s, is an energetic, high-speed dance derived from Lindy Hop and East Coast Swing. Boogie Woogie is danced to a distinctive boogie-woogie rhythm, characterized by fast, syncopated piano music.
This popular dance continues to thrive in Europe, with numerous Boogie Woogie competitions and events held throughout the continent. Boogie Woogie has also influenced the development of other European dances, such as French Rock ‘n Roll.
Rockabilly Jive: The Retro Revival Dance
Rockabilly Jive is a variation of Rock ‘n Roll that emerged in the 1970s and 1980s, inspired by the rockabilly music and culture of the 1950s. This dance combines Rock ‘n Roll, Lindy Hop, and Jive, resulting in a unique style characterized by its fast footwork, spins, and playful attitude.
Rockabilly Jive remains popular today, particularly within the rockabilly and vintage subcultures, with enthusiasts donning retro clothing and hairstyles to fully embrace the spirit of the era.
Jitterbug: The Catch-All Term for Swing Dancing
Jitterbug is a term used to describe various swing dance styles, including Lindy Hop, East Coast Swing, and Jive. It is characterized by its lively, bouncy movements and syncopated footwork, often accompanied by acrobatic aerials and dips. The term “Jitterbug” gained widespread popularity during World War II, as American soldiers introduced the dance to countries around the world.
While Jitterbug is not a specific dance style, it represents the spirit and energy of swing dancing and continues to be a popular term used to describe the lively atmosphere of swing dance events.
Carolina Shag: The Southern Swing Dance of Beach Music
Carolina Shag, which originated in the 1940s along the beaches of North and South Carolina, is a smooth and laid-back swing dance style that evolved from the jitterbug and other swing dances. It is danced to “beach music,” a regional genre of R&B and soul music with a moderate tempo. Carolina Shag is characterized by its eight-count basic pattern, smooth footwork, and intricate spins and turns.
Carolina Shag remains popular in the southeastern United States, with regional events and competitions celebrating this unique style of swing dance.
French Rock ‘n Roll: The European Spin on Classic Rock ‘n Roll
French Rock ‘n Roll, which emerged in the 1950s and 1960s, is a lively and stylish variation of the original American Rock ‘n Roll. This dance style was popularised in France by the introduction of American rock ‘n roll music, such as Elvis Presley and Chuck Berry. French Rock ‘n Roll is characterised by its elegant footwork, intricate spins, and graceful partner connection, giving it a distinct flair compared to its American counterpart.
Jive: The Lively and Bouncy British Swing Dance
Jive, a descendant of the American Jitterbug and East Coast Swing, gained popularity in the UK during World War II. It was later formalised as one of the five International Latin dances in the competitive ballroom dance world. Jive is characterised by its fast tempo, bouncy movements, and lively kicks and flicks. The energetic and playful nature of the Jive has made it a favourite among social and competitive dancers.
Lesser-Known But Still Influential Swing Dance Styles
As you delve deeper into swing dance, you’ll uncover a myriad of styles and variations, each with its unique characteristics and history. These dances serve as a testament to the creativity, passion, and diversity that define the swing dance community, providing endless inspiration and excitement for dancers around the globe.
St. Louis Shag: The Swing Dance of the Midwest
St. Louis Shag, originating in the 1930s in St. Louis, Missouri, is a lively swing dance combining Lindy Hop, Charleston, and Collegiate Shag elements. Its eight-count basic pattern, energetic kicks, and intricate footwork characterise it. St. Louis Shag is typically danced to faster swing music, providing a fun and challenging experience for dancers of all levels.
Although not as widely known as other swing dance styles, St. Louis Shag has recently experienced a revival, with enthusiasts preserving and promoting its unique flavour within the swing dance community.
Hollywood Style Lindy Hop: The Glamorous Swing of the Silver Screen
Hollywood Style Lindy Hop, also known as Smooth Style or Dean Collins Style, emerged in the 1940s in Hollywood, California, as dancers like Dean Collins and Jewel McGowan brought their interpretation of Lindy Hop to the movie studios. This style of Lindy Hop is characterized by its smooth, fluid movement, slick footwork, and a more upright posture compared to the more traditional Savoy Style Lindy Hop.
Hollywood Style Lindy Hop can be seen in classic films like Hellzapoppin’ and Buck Privates. Today, this elegant style of swing dance is admired and taught by Lindy Hop enthusiasts around the world.
Texas Tommy: The Swing Dance Forerunner
The Texas Tommy, dating back to the 1910s, is considered one of the precursors to the Lindy Hop and other swing dance styles. This early swing dance, originating from San Francisco, is characterized by its “breakaway” step, where partners separate and execute improvised solo moves before reconnecting. This breakaway concept would later become a key component of the Lindy Hop.
Although the Texas Tommy is not widely danced today, its influence on the development of swing dance styles is undeniable and holds an important place in the history of swing dance.
Hand Dancing: The Washington, D.C. Swing
Hand Dancing, which originated in the 1950s in Washington, D.C., is a unique swing dance style that evolved from the Jitterbug and other East Coast Swing dances. It is characterized by its smooth, gliding movements, intricate hand connections, and emphasis on partner synchronization. Hand Dancing is typically performed to R&B, soul, and Motown music, adding a distinct flavour to this regional swing dance style.
Hand Dancing continues to be popular in Washington, D.C., with events and classes celebrating its unique blend of swing and urban dance elements.
Conclusion: Celebrating Swing Dance Around the Globe
From Lindy Hop to Rockabilly Jive, swing dance has captured the hearts of millions worldwide. These diverse styles offer a joyful and exhilarating dance experience and serve as a testament to the rich cultural history of swing dance. Whether you’re a seasoned dancer or a newcomer, a swing dance style is waiting for you to explore and enjoy. So put on your dancing shoes, and let’s get swinging!
As you delve deeper into swing dance, you’ll uncover a myriad of styles and variations, each with its unique characteristics and history. These dances serve as a testament to the creativity, passion, and diversity that define the swing dance community, providing endless inspiration and excitement for dancers around the globe.